Trust in Allah Subhanahu wah ta`ala
Muhammad  preached to the people to trust in Allah Subhanahu wah ta`ala. His whole life was a sublime example of this precept. In the loneliness of Makkah, in the midst of persecution and danger, in adversity and tribulations, and in the thick of enemies in the battles of Uhud and Hunain, complete faith and trust in Allah Subhanahu wah ta`ala appears as the dominant feature in his life. However great the danger that confronted him, he never lost hope and never allowed himself to be unduly agitated. Abu Talib knew the feelings of the Quraish when the Prophet  started his mission. He also knew the lengths to which the Quraish could go, and requested the Prophet  to abandon his mission, but the latter calmly replied, “Dear uncle, do not go by my loneliness. Truth will not go unsupported for long. The whole of Arabia and beyond will one day espouse its cause.” (Ibn Hisham, Sirat-ur-Rasul.)
When the attitude of the Quraish became more threatening, Abu Talib again begged his nephew to renounce his mission but the Prophet’s  reply was: “O my uncle, if they placed the sun in my right hand and the moon in my left, to force me to renounce my work, verily I would not desist thereform until Allah made manifest His cause, or I perished in the attempt.” (Ibid)
To another well-wisher, he said, “Allah will not leave me forelorn.” A dejected and oppressed disciple was comforted with the words: “By Allah, the day is near when this faith will reach its pinnacle and none will have to fear anyone except Allah.” (Sahih Bukhari)
It was the same trust in Allah Subhanahu wah ta`ala which emboldened the Prophet  to say his prayers openly in the Harâm in the teeth of opposition. The Quraish were once collected there and were conspiring to put an end to his life the next time he entered the Harâm. His young daughter Fatima, who happened to overhear their talk rushed weeping to her father and told him of the designs of the Quraish. He consoled her, did his ablutions and went to the Kaaba to say prayers. There was only consternation among the Quraish when they saw him. (Ahmed, Musnad, Vol. 1, p. 368).
Then leaving his house for Madinah he asked Ali (radiyallaahu `anhu) to sleep on his bed and told him, “Do not worry, no one will be able to do you any harm” (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)
Even though the enemies had surrounded the house, he left the house reciting the Quranic verse: “We have set a barricade before them and a barricade behind them and (thus) have covered them so that they see not” (translation of Qur’an 36:9)
Abu Bakr (radiyallaahu `anhu) was frightened when pursuers came close to the cavern in which he and Prophet Muhammad  were hiding during their flight, but the Prophet  heartened him, “Grieve not. Allah is with us.” A guard was kept at the Prophet’s house in Madinah because of the danger that surrounded him but he had it withdrawn when the Quranic verse was revealed: “Allah will protect you from the people” (translation of Qur’an 5:67).
A man was caught waiting in ambush to assault the Prophet  but he was directed to be released with the words, “Even if this man wanted to kill me, he could not.” (Ahmed, Musnad, Vol.3 p. 471)
A Jewess from Khaibar had put poison in the Prophet’s  food. He spat it out after taking a morsel but a disciple who had his fill died the next day. The Jewess was brought before the Prophet  who questioned her: “Why did you do this?” “To kill you,” was her defiant reply. She was told, “Allah would not have allowed you to do it.” (Sahih Muslim,.)
In the battle of Uhud when the rear guard action of the Makkan army had disorganized the Muslim army and had turned the tables, the Prophet  stood as firm as a rock even though he had suffered personal injuries. When Abu Sufiyan taunted the Muslims and shouted “Victory to hubal!” (hubal was one of their idols), the Prophet  asked Umar (radiyallaahu `anhu) to shout back, “Allah is our protector and friend. You have no protector and friend. Allah is Great, Magnificent.” (Ibn Hisham, Sirat-Ur-Rasul).
Again in the battle of Hunain, when the unexpected assault of the army had swept the Muslim force off its feet and a defeat seemed imminent, the Prophet  did not yield ground. With trust in Allah (swt) he showed such courage that the Muslim army rallied behind him to win a signal victory.
Justice Of Prophet Mohammed 
The Prophet  asked people to be just and kind. As the supreme judge and arbiter (3*), as the leader of men, as generalissimo of a rising power, as a reformer and apostle, he had always to deal with men and their affairs. He had often to deal with mutually inimical and warring tribes when showing justice to one carried the danger of antagonizing the other, and yet he never deviated from the path of justice. In administering justice, he made no distinction between believers and nonbelievers, friends and foes, high and low. From numerous instances reported in the traditions, a few are given below.
Sakhar, a chief of a tribe, had helped Muhammad  greatly in the seige of Taif, for which he was naturally obliged to him. Soon after, two charges were brought against Sakhar: one by Mughira of illegal confinement of his (Mughira’s) aunt and the other by Banu Salim of forcible occupation of his spring by Sakhar. In both cases, he decided against Sakhar and made him undo the wrong. (Abu Dawud, Sunan Dawud, p.80)
Abdullah Bin Sahal, a companion, was deputed to collect rent from Jews of Khaibar. His cousin Mahisa accompanied him but, on reaching Khaibar, they had separated. Abdullah was waylaid and done to death. Mahisa reported this tragedy to the Prophet  but as there were no eye-witnesses to identify the guilty, he did not say anything to the Jews and paid the blood-money out of the state revenues. (Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari Nasai).
A woman of the Makhzoom family with good connections was found guilty of theft. For the prestige of the Quraish, some prominent people including Asama Bin Zaid interceded to save her from punishment. The Prophet  refused to condone the crime and expressed displeasure saying, “Many a community ruined itself in the past as they only punished the poor and ignored the offences of the exalted. By Allah, if Muhammad’s (my) daughter Fatima would have committed theft, her hand would have been severed.” (Bukhari, Sahh Bukhari, Chapter “al-hudûd”)
The Jews, in spite of their hostility to the Prophet  , were so impressed by his impartiallity and sense of justice that they used to bring their cases to him, and he decided them according to Jewish law. (Abu Dawud, Sunan Dawud)
Once, while he was distributing the spoils of war, people flocked around him and one man almost fell upon him. He pushed the men with a stick causing a slight abrasion. He was so sorry about this that he told the man that he could have his revenge, but the man said, “O messenger of Allah, I forgive you.” (Abu Dawud, Kitablu Diyat).
In his fatal illness, the Prophet  proclaimed in a concourse (4*) assembled at his house that if he owed anything to anyone the person concerned could claim it; if he had ever hurt anyone’s person, honor or property, he could have his price while he was yet in this world. A hush fell on the crowd. One man came forward to claim a few dirhams which were paid at once. (Ibn Hisham, Sirat-ur-Rasul)
His Sense for Equality 
Hazrat Muhammad  asked people to shun notions of racial, family or any other form of superiority based on mundane things and said that righteousness alone was the criterion of one’s superiority over another. It has already been shown how he mixed with everyone on equal terms, how he ate with slaves, servants and the poorest on the same sheet (a practice that is still followed in Arabia), how he refused all privileges and worked like any ordinary laborer. Two instances may, however, be quoted here: Once the Prophet  visited Saad Bin Abadah. While returning Saad sent his son Quais with him. The Prophet  asked Quais to mount his camel with him. Quais hesitated out of respect but the Prophet  insisted: “Either mount the camel or go back.” Quais decided to go back. (Abu Dawud, Kitabul Adab)
On another occasion he was traveling on his camel over hilly terrain with a disciple, Uqba Bin Aamir. After going some distance, he asked Uqba to ride the camel, but Uqba thought this would be showing disrespect to the Prophet  . But the Prophet  insisted and he had to comply. The Prophet  himself walked on foot as he did not want to put too much load on the animal. (Nasai p. 803)
The prisioners of war of Badr included Abbas, the uncle of the Prophet  . Some people were prepared to forgo their shares and remit the Prophet’s  ransom but he declined saying that he could make no distinctions. (Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Chapter “Ransoms”)
During a halt on a journey, the companions apportioned work among themselves for preparing food. The Prophet  took upon himself the task of collecting firewood. His companions pleaded that they would do it and that he need not take the trouble, but he replied, “It is true, but I do not like to attribute any distinction to myself. Allah does not like the man who considers himself superior to his companions.” (Zarqani, Vol 4 p. 306)